One of
the most interesting Popes in Catholic history was Pope Benedict IX who headed the Roman Catholic
church between 1032 and 1048. Benedict IX was born in Rome as
Theophylactus of Tusculum and had the rather unique opportunity to serve as
Pope three times in the years between 1032 and 1048. Keeping in mind the
philosophy of papal infallibility, this man has the distinction of being the
only man to have sold the papacy, being the youngest pope, being the only man to have served as pope three times, being the first homosexual pope and being the first
verifiable resigning pope.
Benedict
IX was the nephew of his two immediate predecessors, John XIX and Benedict
VIII. According to the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, Benedict had the papacy placed on him (i.e. given to him) by his
father Alberic III when he was twenty years of age, in October 1032. He
took the position with very few qualifications other than that he had
connections with one of Rome's most powerful families. Apparently, little is known of
most of his pontifical acts during his tenure, however, his "dissolute
life" caused one faction of Rome to drive him out of his position as Pope
in 1044. He was replaced by the antipope Sylvester III in 1045 who was,
in turn, expelled by Benedict IX in the same year. Benedict IX resigned his office
after it was suggested that he might marry and sold the papacy to Archpriest
John Gratian (Pope Gregory VI) in May 1045, Benedict's godfather.
Apparently, the bribe that John Gratian paid for the privilege completely
bankrupted the church treasury, leaving it unable to pay its bills for months
afterwards. Having second thoughts about selling the papacy, Benedict
attempted to depose Gregory VI, causing King Henry the Third to intervene,
largely because it was felt that the Italians could not been trusted to appoint
a new pope that was free of corruption. In 1046, all three Popes,
Benedict, Sylvester and Gregory, were booted from office (actually, Gregory stepped down, being the
second pope to resign, Sylvester was dismissed and Benedict was coerced into
resigning) and were replaced by a German Bishop Suidger who became Pope Clement
II. In his first act as Pope, Clement II crowned King
Henry III as the Holy Roman Emperor, a title sought after by Henry III and why
he agreed to name Clement II as pope in the first place. In November 1047, Benedict IX again seized
the papal office but was driven out in July 1048 to make way for another German
pope, Damascus II, in November 1048.
Here's
how some of his fellow Catholics described him:
A
cardinal, Saint Peter Damian, described Benedict IX as
"feasting on immorality" and "a demon from hell in the disguise
of a priest".
Bishop
Benno of Piacenza accused him of "many vile adulteries and murders".
Pope
Victor III (1086 to 1087) referred to Benedict's "rapes, murders and other
unspeakable acts. His life as a pope was so vile, so foul, so execrable,
that I shudder to think of it." in his Third Book of Dialogues.
He is
said to have been the first gay pope, holding orgies in the Lateran Palace.
He also reportedly sodomized animals, hosted frequent bisexual
orgies and went so far as to curse God and toast the Devil at every meal.
It is
believed that Benedict IX died in Italy between December 1055 and January 1056
at the age of 43. Apparently, he repented and turned from his sins as
pontiff prior to his early demise.
In fine.
Posts
I think you should change all the 1900s dates to 1000s dates its a confusing read.
ReplyDeleteArchpriest John Gratian (Pope Gregory VI) in May 1945, Benedict's godfather. & In November 1047, Benedict IX again seized the papal office but was driven out in July 1048 to make way for another German pope, Damascus II, in November 1948.
Sorry - fixed. Thanks!
ReplyDeleteI don't understand your point about papal infallibility. This pope reigned from 1032-1048. Papal infallibility was defined dogmatically by the 1st Vatican Council in 1869. Only two declarations by the papacy have been confirmed by the magisterium: the assumption of Mary and the immaculate conception of Mary.
ReplyDeleteAmazing pontifical history--- not well known!
ReplyDeleteSince these outrageous scandals were happening right before the Great Schism of 1054, perhaps they contributed to the split between Eastern (Byzantine)and Western (Roman) Catholicism. Today, the Roman Catholic pontiff maximus has no authority over Eastern Orthodox churches.
I have done a lot of research on the Tusculan popes. I have concluded that Benedict IX probably was not nearly as bad as most people think. He was pope for fourteen years, the longest pontificate in the eleventh century, and no one (!) criticizes any of his policies, which coincided with an unusual period of peace and (relative) prosperity. The criticisms of his morality come from monks who were members of the "reform" party, which took control of the papacy after Benedict's ouster. Their aggressive policies led to decades of war in Italy, , the sacking of Rome by the Normans, the Great Schism, and the disastrous crusades.
ReplyDeleteThere probably was some hanky panky going on in the Lateran Palace during Beneidict IX's pontificate. The guy was, after all, in his twenties. On the other hand, the sources for these accusations are very limited, they are biased, and they have often been wrong. One must remember that in the eleventh century most people could not read or write. The major exceptions were monks, who, in this case, were mostly members of the party that was trying to wrest control of the papacy. They succeeded, and now the only remaining records of this period were written by them.
Guastafeste